Shalom,
Please begin by reading 1 Tim 3:1-7.
Yahweh is working very hard in our generation to give his people an understanding of true biblical leadership. Those who have been wounded and damaged in the past by the misuse of authority will have the opportunity to experience a great healing and freedom from their past hurts and pain, but only if they'll seek the Lord and follow the Holy Spirit's guidance. If these spiritually wounded people will trust their Lord and Savior they'll receive healing and can overcome their fears and doubts. There are still many places working under illegitimate authority, but Yahweh is attempting to get his people to a place of healthy submission and proper leadership.
The Church of Jesus Christ will walk in godly honor and respect for those the Spirit has raised up and set in places of authority. The true followers of Jesus will make this step of faith and maturity. We'll experience the spiritual benefits resulting from that godly honor and respect. Any who will properly submit with a pure heart will see Yahweh's authority working as it should in the local body of believers. The authority our Father raises up will always be pure and right and just. We need more of the body to do the work of praying and seeking and doing his will. We must corporately submit to our Father's will to see the benefits of good biblical leadership.
So, what are the requirements set forth in the Bible for proper leadership? There are twelve of them listed in the verses you just read. The order of the requirements isn't rigid because you'll find a slightly different list in Titus 1:6-8. These twelve characteristics aren't a checklist, but a guide to us in choosing people to be our leaders.
First, let's look at the word overseer. It means one who guards, supervises, and helps. It's the Greek word Episkopos, where we get our word episcopal from. It indicates an office of responsibility, and the giving of divine power to serve. It's referring to a person who exercises the work of oversight.
The first quality mentioned is to be "above reproach." This means that the body of believers trusts this person because they aren't open to censure or reprimand. This is a person who's general behavior is good, that they have a good background. It means outsiders don't have charges against his character. This isn't someone who's never offended anyone, but a person who everyone recognizes as honest and appreciates his integrity.
The next quality is "the husband of one wife." The context appears to be speaking about being devoted to his one and only wife. Polygamy isn't acceptable, and neither is any living arrangement outside marriage. It doesn't expressly forbid divorce and remarriage as some strongly advocate. The main issue is how he treats his wife right now. The point isn't how often one can be married, nor what necessarily constitutes a legitimate marriage, but rather how one conducts himself in marriage at the moment.
The next quality is "temperate." this means they handle alcohol responsibly. This can be combined with "not given to drunkenness." The good overseer knows the dangers of overindulgence. This isn't a total ban on the use of alcohol, actually there isn't one within the Bible. What's implied here is that the overseer isn't an alcoholic, but someone who tempers their use of the substance. This may mean he doesn't ever touch it, but that's not the requirement being set here.
The next quality is "self-controlled." This means to be wise and prudent in nature. This is a person who can control and curb their passions and desires. It indicates a soundness and balance in judgment, a stability that keeps him from making quick or superficial decisions. It's mostly about emotional maturity. You don't want a leader who flies off the handle too easily or has deep emotional mood swings.
The next quality is "respectable." This means honorable and modest. This is a person who lives a life worthy of honor and respect. It goes along with being above reproach. People outside the Church should think well of our leaders. As it says in verse 7, "He must also have a good reputation with outsiders." Unbelievers should appreciate those in authority within the Body of Christ. This doesn't mean that everyone will like him. Some may have a bad opinion simply because of his proclamation of biblical truth.
The next quality is "hospitable." This means hospitable. This is a basic Christian characteristic that should be evident in those raised up into spiritual leadership. We should be very able to share what we have, to open up our homes to bless others. This should especially be true of those who know that all their stuff belongs to Jesus and his Word does tell us to take good care of those in need.
The next quality is "able to teach." All spiritual leaders should be able to teach the basics of Christianity to others. The overseer should be able to understand and communicate the Truth of the Gospel to others. He should also be able to refute false teachers and skeptics, those who mishandle the Word of God. Anyone in public ministry must be able to handle the Word of God with skill. And being a good biblical scholar doesn't mean having training from any specific school or school of thought. This is about 2 Tim 2:15. "Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth."
The next quality is "not quarrelsome." This is referring to someone able to make peace, not a contentious person. They don't pick fights, but they do finish them when necessary. Interestingly, several commentaries mentioned that this is unlike false teachers. The good overseer can take on contentious people without being pulled down to their level, or without giving in to being baited. A good overseer can handle controversy or controversial subjects without becoming argumentative.
The next quality is "not a lover of money." This means not greedy, not given over to seeking personal gain above the benefits of those he leads. The actual breakout for the words is "not overly friendly with silver." Money is handled well by the overseer because he's not caught up in the world system of Mammon. They may have dreams and visions for the future which require more money, but their focus is on obeying their Lord and Master, not just accumulating the riches necessary to fulfill the dream.
The next quality is that they're a good family manager. He has well-behaved children and a well-run household. A very reliable test of leadership is to check how his children behave. Do they respect their father enough to submit to his leadership? And there's a rhetorical question in verse 5. "If anyone does not know how to manage his own family, how can he take care of God's church?" Manage here refers to good direction and leadership, proven responsibility. If his home isn't peaceful and generally in good order, how can he be a good leader in the family of Yahweh?
The last quality listed is "not a recent convert." The word means a novice, a neophyte. The warning is that too rapidly advancing someone into leadership could fill him with pride and conceit. If the Body of Christ would properly pray and seek the Holy Spirit's guidance we can avoid this problem. This is the issue that lead to the devil's downfall. He got conceited and filled with pride because of his exalted station in Heaven. When people are raised up into leadership too quickly, they don't often have the maturity to handle the transition into greater responsibility. Men raised up too quickly can become a hindrance to the advance of our Lord's Kingdom.
Satan loves to use disgrace against Yahweh's Church. If he can trap leaders and get them caught up in sinful situations he can parade them before a world eager to find fault. That's why all these areas are spoken of. We must use our God-given wisdom and discernment to appoint solid leadership and avoid all these painful traps and pitfalls. We need to look at the whole person, not just their special gifts. Being a good teacher doesn't necessarily make someone a good pastor. Being a good administrator doesn't also mean that the person will be a good leader. Trust in Yahweh's help to choose good leaders. Listen to the Holy Spirit's guidance.
The Church will see a great emergence of true leadership as we draw ever closer to the end of the age. We need leaders who have a true father's heart, men who can lead with right power and authority. The prophetic word is that Yahweh is raising up true overseers, men who carry tremendous authority in their teaching and preaching. It's not about holding and maintaining a position, but about functioning in the power of the Holy Spirit. May our great Lord have his way in his Church.
Blessings & Peace, Mike